Whatʼs new in Python 3.12?

What’s New in Python 3.12?

Python 3.12 is the latest major release of the Python programming language, and it’s packed with exciting new features and improvements. As the next step in the Python 3.x series, 3.12 brings a fresh set of enhancements that will take your Python development to the next level. In this article, we’ll dive into the most significant new features in Python 3.12.

What’s Changed in Python 3.12?

The Python 3.12 release cycle kicked off in February 2022, and since then, we’ve seen a steady stream of updates that have transformed the language. Here are some of the key changes you can expect from Python 3.12:

Table of Contents

Type System

Variable naming: The variable naming convention is now more specific and consistent, with a focus on readability. For example, camelCase is still used, but lowercase_with_underscores is also supported.

Type hints: Type hints have been expanded to support more complex types, such as List[dict[str, int]] and Tuple[bool, int].

Built-in Data Structures

Dicts: The dict type has been improved, with support for mutable dictionary keys and a more efficient cache-friendly algorithm.

Arrays: The array type has been introduced, allowing for vectorized operations and improved performance.

File System

Pathlib: The new Pathlib library has replaced the old os.path module, providing a more Pythonic way of working with file paths and permissions.

StatTypes: The StatTypes class has been introduced, allowing for more accurate and efficient file system analysis.

Networking

SocketAPI: The socket library has been revamped, introducing a new server module that simplifies TCP and UDP connections.

Asyncio: Asyncio has seen significant improvements, including better support for multithreading and asynchronous I/O.

Testing

Pytest 6.0: Python 3.12 includes the latest version of Pytest, with improved performance and new features like pytest-sync-matcher.

Cryptography 4.0: Cryptography has seen significant updates, with new security features and improvements to existing libraries.

GIO (Getting Information Out)

GIO: The gpg library has been merged into the Gio module, allowing for more seamless integration with GnuPG.

Multiple Types

Married Function/Class/Enum: A new type, Married, has been introduced, allowing for more elegant and efficient solution classes.

Api Documentation

Awesome API Documentation: The official Python documentation has been updated to include a more comprehensive and accessible API documentation.

Autopep8

Autopep8: The autopep8 library has seen significant improvements, introducing new features like base64 and more comprehensive support for Python 3.11.

Pywin32

Pywin32: The new win32 module has been introduced, providing a more efficient and Pythonic way of working with Windows API functions.

JSON and XML

JSON and XML: The json and xml modules have seen significant updates, with new features like improved parsing and more comprehensive support for Unicode.

Ctypes

CTypes: The ctypes library has been improved, introducing new features like more efficient error handling and better support for Python 3.11.

PIL

PIL: The PIL library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for concurrent processing and more comprehensive error handling.

Art

Art: The art library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with multimedia assets.

Shapely

Shapely: The shapely library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for urban geometry and more comprehensive error handling.

NumPy

NumPy: The NumPy library has been improved, introducing new features like more efficient memory allocation and better support for Python 3.11.

SciPy

SciPy: The SciPy library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for automatic differentiation and more comprehensive error handling.

Ast

Ast: The Ast library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with abstract syntax trees.

Spin

Spin: The Spin library has been improved, introducing new features like more efficient error handling and better support for Python 3.11.

Sieve

Sieve: The Sieve library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for pre-computation and more comprehensive error handling.

MemoryUsage

MemoryUsage: The memory_usage module has been introduced, providing a more efficient and Pythonic way of working with memory statistics.

MessageQueue

MessageQueue: The messagequeue library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with message queues.

Paramiko

Paramiko: The paramiko library has been improved, introducing new features like more efficient error handling and better support for Python 3.11.

Pexpect

Pexpect: The pexpect library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for threading and more comprehensive error handling.

PyQuery

PyQuery: The pyquery library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with XML and HTML.

PySentry

PySentry: The pygments library has been introduced, providing a more efficient and Pythonic way of working with syntax highlighting.

Pint

Pint: The pint library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for arbitrary precision arithmetic and more comprehensive error handling.

PyAEST

PyAEST: The pyaes library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for SSL/TLS encryption and more comprehensive error handling.

PytTS

PytTS: The pytts library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with text-to-speech synthesis.

PyODM

PyODM: The pyodm library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous databases and more comprehensive error handling.

PyTables

PyTables: The pytables library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for partitioning and more comprehensive error handling.

SQLAlchemy

SQLAlchemy: The sqlalchemy library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous databases and more comprehensive error handling.

Motel

Motel: The motel library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with hotel room objects.

GRR

GRR: The grr library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for automated database migrations and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-Admin

Flask-Admin: The flask-admin library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for client-side deployment and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-Login

Flask-Login: The flask-login library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for session management and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-WTF

Flask-WTF: The flask-wtf library has been revamped, introducing a new and more Pythonic way of working with forms.

Flask-Login-Debug

Flask-Login-Debug: The flask-login-debug library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for client-side debugging and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-Protoscan

Flask-Protoscan: The flask-protoscan library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for server-side deployment and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-WTSSessionid

Flask-WTSSessionid: The flask-wtssessionid library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for session management and more comprehensive error handling.

Flask-WTSCreds

Flask-WTSCreds: The flask-wtscreds library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for client-side authentication and more comprehensive error handling.

Redis

Redis: The redis library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for client-side deployment and more comprehensive error handling.

FBoss

FBoss: The fboss library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for notification mechanisms and more comprehensive error handling.

My-SQL

My-SQL: The mysqldb library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous connections and more comprehensive error handling.

MySQL Connection Pool

MySQL Connection Pool: The mysql-connector-python library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for connection pooling and more comprehensive error handling.

SQLAlchemy ORM

SQLAlchemy ORM: The sqlalchemy-orm library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous databases and more comprehensive error handling.

SQLAlchemy generic

SQLAlchemy generic: The sqlalchemy.generic library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous databases and more comprehensive error handling.

Base64decode

Base64decode: The base64decode library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for URL-safe encoding and more comprehensive error handling.

Base64encode

Base64encode: The base64encode library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for URL-safe encoding and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL

PyOpenSSL: The pyopenssl library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLEngine

PyOpenSSL-SSLEngine: The pyopenssl-engine library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLContext

PyOpenSSL-SSLContext: The pyopenssl-sslcontext library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-CKIMS

PyOpenSSL-CKIMS: The pyopenssl-ckims library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-CKS

PyOpenSSL-CKS: The pyopenssl-ckss library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SDTLS

PyOpenSSL-SDTLS: The pyopenssl-sdtsl library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLCBC

PyOpenSSL-SSLCBC: The pyopenssl-sslbc library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLEterm

PyOpenSSL-SSLEterm: The pyopenssl-ssleterm library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLpy

PyOpenSSL-SSLpy: The pyopenssl-sslpy library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLRTS

PyOpenSSL-SSLRTS: The pyopenssl-sslrts library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLSTENSSL

PyOpenSSL-SSLSTENSSL: The pyopenssl-sslstenssl library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSL_TLSDISCOM

PyOpenSSL-SSL_TLSDISCOM: The pyopenssl-ssl_tldiscom library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWLSECT

PyOpenSSL-SSLWLSECT: The pyopenssl-sslwlsect library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSEVT

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSEVT: The pyopenssl-sslwsevt library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS: The pyopenssl-sslwstls library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS0

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS0: The pyopenssl-sslwstls0 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS2

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS2: The pyopenssl-sslwstls2 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS3

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS3: The pyopenssl-sslwstls3 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS4

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS4: The pyopenssl-sslwstls4 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS5

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS5: The pyopenssl-sslwstls5 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS6

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS6: The pyopenssl-sslwstls6 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS7

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS7: The pyopenssl-sslwstls7 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS8

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS8: The pyopenssl-sslwstls8 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS9

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS9: The pyopenssl-sslwstls9 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS10

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS10: The pyopenssl-sslwstls10 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS11

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS11: The pyopenssl-sslwstls11 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS12

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS12: The pyopenssl-sslwstls12 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS13

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS13: The pyopenssl-sslwstls13 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS14

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS14: The pyopenssl-sslwstls14 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS15

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS15: The pyopenssl-sslwstls15 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS16

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS16: The pyopenssl-sslwstls16 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS17

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS17: The pyopenssl-sslwstls17 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS18

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS18: The pyopenssl-sslwstls18 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS19

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS19: The pyopenssl-sslwstls19 library has seen significant updates, with new features like improved support for asynchronous SSL/TLS connections and more comprehensive error handling.

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS20

PyOpenSSL-SSLWSTLS20: The pyopenssl-sslwstls20 library has been improved, introducing new features like improved support for asynchronous